de Romanis Book 1: dei et deae (De Romanis, 1)

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The level of difficulty of the ‘Core Language’ exercises is potentially quite demanding. In my experience, it takes a certain type of mind to decode more-or-less random Latin sentences, where what is important is not the meaning of any particular sentence, but rather the underlying grammatical concepts. That the Latin grammar is the key focus of the textbook is evident in the assessment materials provided with the course. Just to give an indication, the first question on the Chapter 2 vocabulary test is: ‘ ivi, iv– What part of speech is this word?’ The first question on the ‘grammar’ section is ‘What are the most important two rules about the endings for neuter nouns?’ Translation is tested by individual, unrelated sentences. It seems fair to conclude, therefore, that sound grammatical knowledge is the key aim of the course rather than reading fluency. Extensive collection of Latin texts submitted by contributors from around the world (no translations). The Latin Qvarter The de Romanis textbooks have breathed new life into Latin learning!” – Emma Kate Trow-Poole, The King's School, UK The theft of the Sabine women; The Ludi Romani; Spartacus; Violence at a gladiator show; Dea th of a charioteer Fun and varied exercises include word identification, word manipulation, vocab acquisition / consolidation, and translation from English into Latin.

a b Smith, David James (2016). Only Horses from Wild. Lulu Press. ISBN 978-1-365-19773-4– via Google Books. In The Corrupting Sea, Horden and Purcell presented a new vision of the premodern Mediterranean. They argued that its regional coherence was due to a distinctive regime of risk, logic of production, topographical fragmentation and connectivity. The Corrupting Sea (henceforth CS) was the self-described successor of Fernand Braudel, who in 1949 argued that the sixteenth-century Mediterranean possessed a ‘unity and coherence’ that allowed historians to write longue durée histories of the region in addition to histories of individuals, peoples and events within it. Footnote 12 Of the elements that make up Horden and Purcell's fourfold model, connectivity has been the most influential for how researchers think about the Mediterranean. The authors imported the concept from locational analysis to explain the various ways in which its microregions cohered internally and with each other. Footnote 13 They further argued that the degree to which connectivity characterised the region made it distinct from any other comparable area. Use of the concept now ranges from the strict sense that Horden and Purcell originally intended to a generalising descriptor for connected ness. Footnote 14 As Brent Shaw observed, CS is ‘one of those manifest watersheds in the study of antiquity’. Footnote 15 Font-Porterias, Neus; Arauna, Lara R.; Poveda, Alaitz; Bianco, Erica; Rebato, Esther; Prata, Maria Joao; Calafell, Francesc; Comas, David (23 September 2019). "European Roma groups show complex West Eurasian admixture footprints and a common South Asian genetic origin". PLOS Genetics. 15 (9): e1008417. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008417. PMC 6779411. PMID 31545809. Genetic evidence has identified an Indian origin for the Roma. [10] [2] This makes the Romani descendants of people who emigrated from South Asia towards Central Asia during the medieval period. [11] Linguistic origins [ edit ]

Bankston, Carl Leon (16 March 2019). Racial and Ethnic Relations in America: Ethnic entrepreneurship. Salem Press. ISBN 9780893566340– via Google Books.

After that, the assembly of Roman citizens ( conventus civium Romanorum) which was occupying Lissus, a town which Caesar had previously appointed ( attribuerat) to them and for which he provided fortification, received Antony and helped him with all things. Otacilius, fearing for himself, fled the town and went to Pompey. Footnote 36 Roma skeletal remains exhumed from Castle Mall in Norwich, UK, were radiocarbon-dated by liquid scintillation spectrometry [ clarification needed] to circa 930–1050AD. [29] Arrival in Europe [ edit ] The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century.

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Language learning is split between Core and Additional to ensure effective differentiation and flexible timetabling. Here, however, I return to the Mediterranean to explore the stakes of the prominence of connectivity in the study of mobility in the Roman Empire. Research on mobility in the Roman Empire has tended to portray connectivity as a positive attribute of the Mediterranean, though not always explicitly or deliberately. Yet there is abundant evidence for the disconnectivities, so to speak, of mobility in the empire. I use the term disconnectivity to describe the severance of ties and destruction of networks that resulted from phenomena that have been categorised as instances of connectivity and connection. Footnote 26 Although ‘isolation’ might seem a more established rubric to describe such disconnections, ‘disconnectivity’ puts them in considered tension with connectivity. Footnote 27 Here and in Section IV, I focus on the unprecedented expansion of Roman power in the last three centuries b.c.e. It is in this period of imperial activity that the contrast between connection and disconnect is particularly vivid. Footnote 28 The volumes reviewed in Section II demonstrate the continued prominence of concepts which pertain to connection and connectedness in the study of mobility in the Roman world. Footnote 24 While they have played a role in this strand of scholarship since the days of Braudel, they have enjoyed exceptional attention in the last twenty-five years through the development of frameworks like social network analysis, centre-periphery theory, globalisation theory and connectivity. Footnote 25 As the publications above show, their application to regions apart from the Mediterranean has enormous and relatively untapped potential. According to historian Norman Davies, a 1378 law passed by the governor of Nauplion in the Greek Peloponnese, confirming privileges for the "atsingani", is "the first documented record of Romany Gypsies in Europe". Similar documents, again representing the Romanis as a group that had been exiled from Egypt, record them reaching Braşov, Transylvania, in 1416; Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire, in 1418; and Paris in 1427. A chronicler for a Parisian journal described them as dressed in a manner that the Parisians considered shabby and reported that the Church had them leave town because they practiced palm-reading and fortune-telling. [40] Mitochondrial or Y-chromosome haplotype studies provide valuable information, but a limitation of these types of studies is that they each represent only one instantiation of the genealogical process. Autosomal data permits simultaneous analysis of multiple lineages, which can provide novel information about population history. According to a genetic study on autosomal data, the two populations showing closest relatedness to Roma were Punjabis and Kashmiris, who also happen to have the highest West Eurasian-related ancestry among South Asians. [24] However, according to a study on genome-wide data published in 2019, the putative origin of the proto-Roma involves a Punjabi group with low levels of West Eurasian ancestry. [25] The classical and mtDNA genetic markers suggested the closest affinity of the Roma with Rajput and Punjabi populations from northwestern India. [26] Early records [ edit ]

Rome elects its second king; Horatius kills his sister; The rape of Lucretia; Cincinnatus is chosen as dictator; What to do about Hannibal? De Romanis's monograph centres on the fragmentary Muziris Papyrus ( P.Vindob. G 40822). An informative and challenging document, the papyrus's recto text details a loan contract, signed in Alexandria, between a merchant and a financier for a commercial operation to Muziris, which has been tentatively located in or near Pattanam in South India. Its verso text, which is written in a different hand, records the customs duties levied on Indian cargo imported by the Hermapollon. The papyrus is a valuable source of information for the structure and organisation of trade between Rome and the Indian subcontinent. Using ancient, medieval and even early modern evidence, de Romanis reconstructs its logistical, economic and anthropological contexts and locates his interpretation of its texts therein. We hope that students will enjoy the Latin stories and the chance to think about Greece, Egypt, Roman Gaul and Roman Britain alongside their exposure to the language, people, temples, statues, and coins within Rome itself. We also hope that, whatever their ability, they will find it easier to engage with Latin as a language which they can get right because they understand better how it works and because they have met the words often enough to have a solid knowledge of vocabulary. As to whether or not we have managed this, it is those who use the course who will be the best judges. Rai, Niraj; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Tamang, Rakesh; Pathak, Ajai Kumar; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Karmin, Monika; Singh, Manvendra; Rani, Deepa Selvi; Anugula, Sharath; Yadav, Brijesh Kumar; Singh, Ashish; Srinivasagan, Ramkumar; Yadav, Anita; Kashyap, Manju; Narvariya, Sapna; Reddy, Alla G.; Driem, George van; Underhill, Peter A.; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy (28 November 2012). "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e48477. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...748477R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048477. PMC 3509117. PMID 23209554. Schaefer, Richard T.; Zellner, W. W. (2011). Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles. New York: Worth. ISBN 978-1-4292-3224-1.Today, Pattanam is a village situated four kilometres from the sea. The vegetation is typical of the region: tall arcing palms, squat plantains, vines and creepers, near-flourescent monsoon grass. There are sporadic houses, a temple, a village office and sudden channels of water. Ramanush, Nicolas (2012). Atrás do Muro Invisível: Crenças, tradições e ativismo cigano (in Portuguese). The last quarter-century has witnessed a transformation in approaches to the study of mobility in the Roman Empire. Social scientific frameworks, especially network analysis and the concept of connectivity, have granted explanatory force to population movements. Footnote 1 Technological advances in bioarchaeology, archaeobotany, archaeozoology and related fields provide ever finer-grained views of the role of migration in interactions between people and their environments. Footnote 2 The digital turn has produced new tools for research and visual representations, such as Walter Scheidel's web-based ORBIS: The Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World, which allows users to simulate communication costs and routes while controlling for complex variables like season and manner of travel. Footnote 3 Finally, increased use of non-Roman and non-ancient comparanda has allowed for productive theorisation about poorly attested mobilities. Footnote 4 This first book of a two-volume course, designed to lead students of Latin from beginner level towards (but not quite as far as) GCSE level, could fairly be labelled ‘traditional’ in its methodological approach. However, it also contains some interesting innovative features.